🏛️ 典故與文化背景
「我應該自己斃了那隻狗」
坎迪的懊悔是全書最重要的伏筆之一。他的意思是:一個人所愛的東西,如果必須結束,應該由他親手、溫柔地結束,而不是交給陌生人。最後一章喬治的選擇,就是這句話的回答。
柯利找雷尼出氣
心理學上的「轉移攻擊」(displaced aggression)——不敢對強者(斯林姆、卡爾森)發作,轉向看起來好欺負的人。
拳擊量級
坎迪說柯利是輕量級(lightweight),卡爾森說 welter(次中量級)——工人們對柯利的「戰績」其實並不清楚,只是道聽塗說。
「被機器夾到」
農場上機器傷人是常見的事——坎迪的手就是這樣斷的。斯林姆編的謊言,讓柯利的手跟坎迪的手連在一起。
嘉年華、馬戲團與球賽
1930 年代鄉下小鎮最大的娛樂。喬治的夢想不只是工作,而是「想去就去」的自由——這是雇工最缺的東西。
雷尼的手
斯林姆說「我可真不想惹你生氣」,同時檢查雷尼的手——這雙手會在第五章再犯下一次無法挽回的錯。
📖 導讀
「我們要做。」喬治站起來宣布,三個人坐著,「被這件事的美迷住了」。喬治說的不是財富,而是自由:「要是城裡來了嘉年華、馬戲團或球賽……我們就去,不用問任何人。」約定好一個月後動手、由坎迪先寄一百塊訂金、對誰都不說。坎迪接著說出那句沉重的話:「我應該自己斃了那隻狗,喬治。我不該讓陌生人斃了我的狗。」——這句話在最後一章會由喬治實踐。
斯林姆、柯利、卡爾森、惠特回來了。柯利剛被斯林姆嚇退,卡爾森當眾嘲笑他「膽小得像青蛙肚皮一樣黃」,坎迪也補一刀「手套裡裝滿凡士林」。柯利找不到台階下,眼光落到雷尼身上——雷尼還在因為想到那塊地而微笑。「你他媽的在笑什麼?」柯利出拳,一記左、一記右打斷雷尼的鼻子;雷尼「嚇得連自衛都不會」,雙手垂在身側,只會喊「喬治,叫他住手」。
喬治攔住要上前的斯林姆,大喊:「抓住他,雷尼!」雷尼伸手,一把握住柯利揮來的拳頭——下一刻,柯利「像釣線上的魚一樣撲騰」。雷尼嚇得不放手,喬治一巴掌一巴掌打他,他還是抓著;柯利臉色發白、縮成一團,哭了。最後雷尼終於放手,縮在牆邊:「是你叫我做的,喬治。」柯利手上的骨頭「每一根都碎了」。斯林姆立刻替喬治解圍:「你就說手是被機器夾到的。你要是說出去、想讓他被開除,我們就告訴所有人,看大家笑不笑你。」雷尼滿臉是血,只問了一句:「我還可以照顧兔子嗎,喬治?」
重點
- 自由的定義:「去看嘉年華,不用問任何人」——夢想是能自己做主。
- 「我應該自己斃了那隻狗」:全書最關鍵的伏筆台詞之一。
- 柯利找替死鬼:被斯林姆嚇退、被卡爾森嘲笑,他把怒氣發在最不會還手的雷尼身上。
- 雷尼不還手:他沒有攻擊性,只有恐懼;他的力量必須由喬治「啟動」。
- 抓住不放:跟威德的紅洋裝一樣——雷尼一害怕就只會抓緊。這是第二次彩排。
- 斯林姆的處置:用柯利的面子保住喬治和雷尼的工作——他是農場上真正的權威。
- 「我還能照顧兔子嗎?」:雷尼滿臉是血,心裡只有那塊地。
📕 中英對照(逐句)
George stood up.
喬治站了起來。
“We’ll do her,” he said.
「我們要做。」他說。
“We’ll fix up that little old place an’ we’ll go live there.”
「我們會把那個老地方整理好,然後住到那裡去。」
He sat down again.
他又坐下。
They all sat still, all bemused by the beauty of the thing, each mind was popped into the future when this lovely thing should come about.
他們都靜靜坐著,全被這件事的美迷住了,每個人的心思都跳進了未來,跳進這件美好的事成真的那一天。
George said wonderingly, “S’pose they was a carnival or a circus come to town, or a ball game, or any damn thing.”
喬治帶著驚奇說:「假如城裡來了嘉年華、馬戲團,或是有球賽,或隨便什麼鬼東西。」
Old Candy nodded in appreciation of the idea.
老坎迪點點頭,很欣賞這個主意。
“We’d just go to her,” George said.
「我們就去。」喬治說。
“We wouldn’t ask nobody if we could.
「不用問任何人可不可以。
Jus’ say, ‘We’ll go to her,’ an’ we would.
只要說一句『我們去吧』,我們就去。
Jus’ milk the cow and sling some grain to the chickens an’ go to her.”
擠完牛奶、撒點穀子給雞吃,就出門去。」
“An’ put some grass to the rabbits,” Lennie broke in.
「還要給兔子放點草。」雷尼插嘴。
“I wouldn’t never forget to feed them.
「我永遠不會忘記餵牠們。
When we gon’ta do it, George?”
我們什麼時候要做,喬治?」
“In one month.
「一個月後。
Right squack in one month.
不多不少就一個月。
Know what I’m gon’ta do?
知道我要做什麼嗎?
I’m gon’ta write to them old people that owns the place that we’ll take it.
我要寫信給擁有那塊地的老夫婦,說我們要買。
An’ Candy’ll send a hunderd dollars to bind her.”
坎迪會寄一百塊過去當訂金。」
“Sure will,” said Candy.
「一定寄。」坎迪說。
“They got a good stove there?”
「那裡有好爐子嗎?」
“Sure, got a nice stove, burns coal or wood.”
「有,有個好爐子,燒煤燒柴都可以。」
“I’m gonna take my pup,” said Lennie.
「我要帶我的小狗去。」雷尼說。
“I bet by Christ he likes it there, by Jesus.”
「我發誓牠一定會喜歡那裡,我發誓。」
Voices were approaching from outside.
外面有人聲接近。
George said quickly, “Don’t tell nobody about it.
喬治很快地說:「這件事對誰都別說。
Jus’ us three an’ nobody else.
就我們三個,沒有別人。
They li’ble to can us so we can’t make no stake.
他們可能會開除我們,那我們就攢不到錢了。
Jus’ go on like we was gonna buck barley the rest of our lives, then all of a sudden some day we’ll go get our pay an’ scram outa here.”
就照常做,裝作我們這輩子都要扛大麥,然後有一天突然去領工錢,溜之大吉。」
Lennie and Candy nodded, and they were grinning with delight.
雷尼和坎迪點點頭,高興得咧嘴笑。
“Don’t tell nobody,” Lennie said to himself.
「對誰都別說。」雷尼對自己說。
Candy said, “George.”
坎迪說:「喬治。」
“Huh?”
「嗯?」
“I ought to of shot that dog myself, George.
「我應該自己斃了那隻狗的,喬治。
I shouldn’t ought to of let no stranger shoot my dog.”
我不該讓一個外人斃了我的狗。」
The door opened.
門開了。
Slim came in, followed by Curley and Carlson and Whit.
斯林姆走進來,後面跟著柯利、卡爾森和惠特。
Slim’s hands were black with tar and he was scowling.
斯林姆的手沾滿焦油,黑漆漆的,臉色很難看。
Curley hung close to his elbow.
柯利緊跟在他手肘邊。
Curley said, “Well, I didn’t mean nothing, Slim.
柯利說:「我真的沒別的意思,斯林姆。
I just ast you.”
我只是問問你。」
Slim said, “Well, you been askin’ me too often.
斯林姆說:「哼,你問得太多次了。
I’m gettin’ God damn sick of it.
我他媽的受夠了。
If you can’t look after your own God damn wife, what you expect me to do about it?
你連自己的老婆都看不住,你要我怎樣?
You lay offa me.”
你別來煩我。」
“I’m jus’ tryin’ to tell you I didn’t mean nothing,” said Curley.
「我只是想跟你說我沒別的意思。」柯利說。
“I jus’ thought you might of saw her.”
「我只是以為你可能看到她了。」
“Why’n’t you tell her to stay the hell home where she belongs?” said Carlson.
「你幹嘛不叫她乖乖待在家裡,那才是她該待的地方?」卡爾森說。
“You let her hang around bunk houses and pretty soon you’re gonna have som’pin on your hands and you won’t be able to do nothing about it.”
「你讓她在工寮附近晃來晃去,很快你就會惹上麻煩,到時候你什麼都沒辦法。」
Curley whirled on Carlson.
柯利猛地轉向卡爾森。
“You keep outta this les’ you wanta step outside.”
「你少管閒事,除非你想出去打一架。」
Carlson laughed.
卡爾森笑了。
“You God damn punk,” he said.
「你這個小混混。」他說。
“You tried to throw a scare into Slim, an’ you couldn’t make it stick.
「你想嚇唬斯林姆,結果嚇不倒他。
Slim throwed a scare inta you.
反而被斯林姆嚇到了。
You’re yella as a frog belly.
你膽小得像青蛙肚皮一樣黃。
I don’t care if you’re the best welter in the country.
我才不管你是不是全國最強的次中量級。
You come for me, an’ I’ll kick your God damn head off.”
你敢來找我,我就把你的頭踢下來。」
Candy joined the attack with joy.
坎迪開心地加入圍攻。
“Glove fulla vaseline,” he said disgustedly.
「手套裡裝滿凡士林。」他嫌惡地說。
Curley glared at him.
柯利怒瞪著他。
His eyes slipped on past and lighted on Lennie; and Lennie was still smiling with delight at the memory of the ranch.
他的眼光滑過坎迪,落在雷尼身上;雷尼還因為想到那塊農場而開心地笑著。
Curley stepped over to Lennie like a terrier.
柯利像一隻㹴犬一樣衝到雷尼面前。
“What the hell you laughin’ at?”
「你他媽的在笑什麼?」
Lennie looked blankly at him.
雷尼茫然地看著他。
“Huh?”
「啊?」
Then Curley’s rage exploded.
柯利的怒火爆發了。
“Come on, ya big bastard.
「來啊,你這大王八蛋。
Get up on your feet.
站起來。
No big son-of-a-bitch is gonna laugh at me.
沒有哪個大個子狗娘養的可以笑我。
I’ll show ya who’s yella.”
我讓你看看誰才是孬種。」
Lennie looked helplessly at George, and then he got up and tried to retreat.
雷尼無助地看向喬治,然後站起來想往後退。
Curley was balanced and poised.
柯利重心穩、架勢足。
He slashed at Lennie with his left, and then smashed down his nose with a right.
他用左拳往雷尼身上一劈,接著一記右拳砸在他鼻子上。
Lennie gave a cry of terror.
雷尼驚恐地叫了一聲。
Blood welled from his nose.
血從他的鼻子湧出來。
“George,” he cried.
「喬治。」他喊。
“Make ’um let me alone, George.”
「叫他不要打我,喬治。」
He backed until he was against the wall, and Curley followed, slugging him in the face.
他一直退到背靠牆壁,柯利追上去,一拳一拳往他臉上揍。
Lennie’s hands remained at his sides; he was too frightened to defend himself.
雷尼的雙手仍垂在身側;他嚇得連自衛都不會。
George was on his feet yelling, “Get him, Lennie. Don’t let him do it.”
喬治站起來大吼:「抓住他,雷尼。別讓他打你。」
Lennie covered his face with his huge paws and bleated with terror.
雷尼用他巨大的手掌摀住臉,嚇得像羊一樣哀叫。
He cried, “Make ’um stop, George.”
他哭喊:「叫他停下來,喬治。」
Then Curley attacked his stomach and cut off his wind.
柯利接著攻他的肚子,打得他喘不過氣。
Slim jumped up.
斯林姆跳起來。
“The dirty little rat,” he cried, “I’ll get ’um myself.”
「這骯髒的小老鼠,」他大喊,「我自己來收拾他。」
George put out his hand and grabbed Slim.
喬治伸手抓住斯林姆。
“Wait a minute,” he shouted.
「等一下。」他大喊。
He cupped his hands around his mouth and yelled, “Get ’im, Lennie!”
他雙手圈在嘴邊吼:「抓住他,雷尼!」
Lennie took his hands away from his face and looked about for George, and Curley slashed at his eyes.
雷尼把手從臉上移開,四處找喬治,柯利一拳劈向他的眼睛。
The big face was covered with blood.
那張大臉滿是鮮血。
George yelled again, “I said get him.”
喬治又吼:「我叫你抓住他!」
Curley’s fist was swinging when Lennie reached for it.
柯利的拳頭正揮過來,雷尼伸手一抓。
The next minute Curley was flopping like a fish on a line, and his closed fist was lost in Lennie’s big hand.
下一刻,柯利就像釣線上的魚一樣撲騰,他握緊的拳頭整個消失在雷尼的大手裡。
George ran down the room.
喬治跑過房間。
“Leggo of him, Lennie. Let go.”
「放開他,雷尼。放手。」
But Lennie watched in terror the flopping little man whom he held.
可是雷尼驚恐地看著被他抓著、不停撲騰的小個子。
Blood ran down Lennie’s face, one of his eyes was cut and closed.
血從雷尼臉上流下來,他一隻眼睛被打破、腫得睜不開。
George slapped him in the face again and again, and still Lennie held on to the closed fist.
喬治一巴掌又一巴掌打他的臉,雷尼還是抓著那隻拳頭不放。
Curley was white and shrunken by now, and his struggling had become weak.
這時柯利臉色慘白,整個人縮成一團,掙扎也變得無力。
He stood crying, his fist lost in Lennie’s paw.
他站著哭,拳頭還陷在雷尼的大手裡。
George shouted over and over, “Leggo his hand, Lennie. Leggo.
喬治一遍又一遍地喊:「放開他的手,雷尼。放開。
Slim, come help me while the guy got any hand left.”
斯林姆,快來幫我,趁這傢伙還剩一點手。」
Suddenly Lennie let go his hold.
雷尼突然鬆開了手。
He crouched cowering against the wall.
他畏縮地蹲在牆邊。
“You tol’ me to, George,” he said miserably.
「是你叫我做的,喬治。」他可憐地說。
Curley sat down on the floor, looking in wonder at his crushed hand.
柯利坐到地上,難以置信地看著自己被捏碎的手。
Slim and Carlson bent over him.
斯林姆和卡爾森彎身看他。
Then Slim straightened up and regarded Lennie with horror.
然後斯林姆直起身,驚駭地看著雷尼。
“We got to get him in to a doctor,” he said.
「得帶他去看醫生。」他說。
“Looks to me like ever’ bone in his han’ is bust.”
「我看他手上每一根骨頭都碎了。」
“I didn’t wanta,” Lennie cried.
「我不是故意的。」雷尼哭著說。
“I didn’t wanta hurt him.”
「我不想傷害他。」
Slim said, “Carlson, you get the candy wagon hitched up.
斯林姆說:「卡爾森,你去把輕便馬車套好。
We’ll take ’um into Soledad an’ get ’um fixed up.”
我們帶他去索萊達治療。」
Carlson hurried out.
卡爾森匆匆出去。
Slim turned to the whimpering Lennie.
斯林姆轉向嗚咽的雷尼。
“It ain’t your fault,” he said.
「不是你的錯。」他說。
“This punk sure had it comin’ to him.
「這小混混是自作自受。
But—Jesus! He ain’t hardly got no han’ left.”
可是——天啊!他的手幾乎沒了。」
Slim hurried out, and in a moment returned with a tin cup of water.
斯林姆匆匆出去,一會兒拿著一個裝了水的錫杯回來。
He held it to Curley’s lips.
他把杯子湊到柯利嘴邊。
George said, “Slim, will we get canned now?
喬治說:「斯林姆,我們現在會被開除嗎?
We need the stake.
我們需要那筆錢。
Will Curley’s old man can us now?”
柯利的老爸現在會開除我們嗎?」
Slim smiled wryly.
斯林姆苦笑了一下。
He knelt down beside Curley.
他跪在柯利旁邊。
“You got your senses in hand enough to listen?” he asked.
「你還清醒到能聽我說話嗎?」他問。
Curley nodded.
柯利點點頭。
“Well, then listen,” Slim went on.
「那就聽好,」斯林姆接著說。
“I think you got your han’ caught in a machine.
「我想,你的手是被機器夾到的。
If you don’t tell nobody what happened, we ain’t going to.
只要你不跟任何人說發生了什麼事,我們也不會說。
But you jus’ tell an’ try to get this guy canned and we’ll tell ever’body, an’ then will you get the laugh.”
可是你要是說出去,想讓這傢伙被開除,我們就告訴所有人,到時候看大家怎麼笑你。」
“I won’t tell,” said Curley.
「我不會說。」柯利說。
He avoided looking at Lennie.
他避開不看雷尼。
Buggy wheels sounded outside.
外面傳來馬車輪子的聲音。
Slim helped Curley up.
斯林姆扶柯利站起來。
“Come on now. Carlson’s gonna take you to a doctor.”
「走吧。卡爾森會帶你去看醫生。」
He helped Curley out the door.
他扶著柯利走出門。
The sound of wheels drew away.
車輪聲漸漸遠去。
In a moment Slim came back into the bunk house.
一會兒,斯林姆回到工寮。
He looked at Lennie, still crouched fearfully against the wall.
他看著雷尼,雷尼還害怕地蹲在牆邊。
“Le’s see your hands,” he asked.
「讓我看看你的手。」他說。
Lennie stuck out his hands.
雷尼伸出雙手。
“Christ awmighty, I hate to have you mad at me,” Slim said.
「老天爺,我可真不想惹你生氣。」斯林姆說。
George broke in, “Lennie was jus’ scairt,” he explained.
喬治插嘴:「雷尼只是嚇壞了。」他解釋。
“He didn’t know what to do.
「他不知道該怎麼辦。
I told you nobody ought never to fight him.
我跟你說過,誰都不該跟他打架。
No, I guess it was Candy I told.”
不對,我想我是跟坎迪說的。」
Candy nodded solemnly.
坎迪嚴肅地點點頭。
“That’s jus’ what you done,” he said.
「你確實這樣說過。」他說。
“Right this morning when Curley first lit intil your fren’, you says, ‘He better not fool with Lennie if he knows what’s good for ’um.’
「就今天早上柯利第一次找你朋友麻煩的時候,你說:『他要是識相,最好別招惹雷尼。』
That’s jus’ what you says to me.”
你就是這樣跟我說的。」
George turned to Lennie.
喬治轉向雷尼。
“It ain’t your fault,” he said.
「不是你的錯。」他說。
“You don’t need to be scairt no more.
「你不用再怕了。
You done jus’ what I tol’ you to.
你只是照我說的做。
Maybe you better go in the wash room an’ clean up your face.
你最好去洗澡間把臉洗一洗。
You look like hell.”
你看起來慘透了。」
Lennie smiled with his bruised mouth.
雷尼用他腫起來的嘴笑了笑。
“I didn’t want no trouble,” he said.
「我不想惹麻煩。」他說。
He walked toward the door, but just before he came to it, he turned back.
他走向門口,快到門口時又轉過身來。
“George?”
「喬治?」
“What you want?”
「幹嘛?」
“I can still tend the rabbits, George?”
「我還可以照顧兔子嗎,喬治?」
“Sure. You ain’t done nothing wrong.”
「當然。你沒做錯什麼。」
“I di’n’t mean no harm, George.”
「我沒有惡意,喬治。」
“Well, get the hell out and wash your face.”
「好啦,快滾出去洗你的臉。」
📚 字詞與句法(15)
1bemusedKK [bɪˈmjuzd](adj.)出神的、恍惚的;困惑的
- 詞義:原文
all bemused by the beauty of the thing——被那件事的美弄得恍恍惚惚。今天多指「困惑」。 - 例句:She looked bemused by all the attention. / 大家都注意她,她顯得有點不知所措。
- 詞源 × 實用度:be- + muse(沉思)。常被誤用成 amused(被逗樂),兩者不同。
- 同義詞常用度:puzzled 80%、confused 90%、bewildered 45%、bemused 35%(第 4/5 名)、dazed 40%。
- 詞性變化:v. bemuse;adj. bemused;adv. bemusedly。
2cowerKK [ˈkaʊɚ](v.)畏縮、蜷縮
- 詞義:因害怕而縮成一團。原文
He crouched cowering against the wall. - 例句:The dog cowered in the corner during the thunderstorm. / 打雷時狗縮在角落發抖。
- 詞源 × 實用度:中古英文 couren。常與 cower in fear / cower behind 連用。
- 同義詞常用度:cringe 50%、shrink back 45%、cower 45%(第 3/4 名)、quail 15%。
- 詞性變化:cower / cowered / cowered / cowering。
3wrylyKK [ˈraɪlɪ](adv.)苦笑地、帶點諷刺地
- 詞義:帶著無奈、自嘲或嘲諷的幽默。原文
Slim smiled wryly. - 例句:“Well, that went well,” she said wryly. / 「嗯,還真順利呢。」她苦笑著說。
- 詞源 × 實用度:wry(扭曲的)——嘴角歪一邊的笑。日常常用(wry smile / wry humor)。
- 同義詞常用度:ironically 55%、dryly 45%、wryly 40%(第 3/4 名)、sardonically 20%。
- 詞性變化:adj. wry;adv. wryly。
4bleatKK [blit](v.)(羊)咩咩叫;哀叫
- 詞義:像羊一樣發出無助的叫聲。原文
Lennie ... bleated with terror. - 例句:The lambs bleated for their mothers. / 小羊咩咩地叫著找媽媽。
- 詞源 × 實用度:擬聲詞。用在人身上指「哀哀抱怨」。又一個動物比喻:雷尼是待宰的羊。
- 同義詞常用度:whimper 60%、whine 60%、wail 50%、bleat 25%(第 4/4 名)。
- 詞性變化:bleat / bleated / bleated / bleating。
5poisedKK [pɔɪzd](adj.)(身體)平衡穩定、蓄勢待發的
- 詞義:準備好要行動。原文
Curley was balanced and poised. - 例句:The company is poised to become a market leader. / 這家公司蓄勢待發,準備成為市場龍頭。
- 詞源 × 實用度:poise(平衡)。也形容人「沉著鎮定」。商業新聞常用 poised to。
- 同義詞常用度:ready 90%、set 60%、poised 50%(第 3/4 名)、primed 25%。
- 詞性變化:n./v. poise;adj. poised。
6candy wagon(農場俚語)輕便馬車
- 詞義:農場上載人用的輕型馬車(不是運貨的大車)。原文
you get the candy wagon hitched up。 - 例句:(歷史俚語)
- 詞源 × 實用度:可能因為它輕巧漂亮、像糖果店的送貨車。今天不用。
- 同義詞常用度:buggy 50%、carriage 55%、cart 60%、candy wagon 2%(第 4/4 名)。
- 詞性變化:n. candy wagon(s)。
7welterKK [ˈwɛltɚ](n.)次中量級拳手
- 詞義:welterweight 的簡稱,約 147 磅(66.7 公斤)。原文
the best welter in the country。卡爾森把柯利的量級講錯了(坎迪說他是輕量級)。 - 例句:He moved up from lightweight to welterweight. / 他從輕量級升到次中量級。
- 詞源 × 實用度:可能來自 welt(重擊)。拳擊術語。
- 同義詞常用度:(專門術語)
- 詞性變化:n. welterweight(s)。
8yellow(adj.,口語)膽小的
- 詞義:原文
You’re yella as a frog belly.(青蛙肚皮是黃的)、I’ll show ya who’s yella. - 例句:Don't be so yellow—just ask her out. / 別那麼孬,直接約她出去。
- 詞源 × 實用度:19 世紀美國俚語,起源不明(可能與膽汁、黃疸有關)。今天口語仍用。
- 同義詞常用度:cowardly 75%、chicken 70%、gutless 35%、yellow 40%(第 3/4 名)。
- 詞性變化:adj. yellow;yellow-bellied(膽小的)。
9have it coming (to one)(idiom)罪有應得、自作自受
- 詞義:原文
This punk sure had it comin’ to him. - 例句:After all the lies he told, he had it coming. / 他說了那麼多謊,活該。
- 詞源 × 實用度:口語極常用。
- 同義詞常用度:deserve it 90%、have it coming 60%(第 2/4 名)、get one's comeuppance 25%、serve someone right 55%。
- 詞性變化:have / had it coming。
10throw a scare into(idiom)嚇唬(某人)
- 詞義:原文
You tried to throw a scare into Slim, an’ you couldn’t make it stick. - 例句:The near-miss threw a real scare into the pilots. / 那次險些相撞把飛行員嚇壞了。
- 詞源 × 實用度:美式口語,今天仍聽得到。make it stick=讓它成立、奏效。
- 同義詞常用度:scare 95%、frighten 80%、intimidate 50%、throw a scare into 15%(第 4/4 名)。
- 詞性變化:throw / threw / thrown / throwing a scare into。
11lay off(phr. v.,口語)別再煩、住手
- 詞義:原文
You lay offa me.(=Lay off me.) - 例句:Lay off him—he's had a rough day. / 別再找他麻煩了,他今天很不好過。
- 詞源 × 實用度:另有「裁員」義(The factory laid off 200 workers)。兩義都常用。
- 同義詞常用度:leave alone 80%、back off 70%、lay off 55%(第 3/4 名)、get off someone's back 40%。
- 詞性變化:lay / laid / laid / laying off。
12right squack(方言)不多不少、整整
- 詞義:原文
Right squack in one month.——可能是 square 或 smack 的方言變體,意思是「正好、剛剛好」。 - 例句:(方言)
- 詞源 × 實用度:字源不確定,字典罕見,屬於史坦貝克記下的地方口語。
- 同義詞常用度:exactly 90%、right on 40%、smack 30%、squack 1%。
- 詞性變化:無。
13leggo / lit intil(方言拼寫)= let go / lit into(猛烈攻擊)
- 詞義:
Leggo of him, Lennie.、when Curley first lit intil your fren’(light into=痛打、痛罵;intil=into)。 - 例句:She really lit into him for being late. / 他遲到被她狠狠罵了一頓。
- 詞源 × 實用度:leggo 今天仍是口語拼寫(Leggo my Eggo 是美國鬆餅廣告);light into 今天仍可用。
- 同義詞常用度:(拼寫變體)
- 詞性變化:light / lit / lit / lighting into。
14同一句話的兩種語氣(修辭)
- 特徵:同一個詞組在不同語境下意義相反。
- 原文例:喬治前一節
George said reverently, “Jesus Christ!”(禱告);本節柯利“Come on, ya big bastard.”的 bastard 是羞辱,而喬治罵雷尼crazy bastard是親暱。 - 效果:這本書的髒話不只是髒話——讀者要從語氣分辨愛與恨。
- 仿寫:「你這笨蛋」可以是吵架,也可以是情人間的撒嬌。
15比喻的反轉(修辭)
- 特徵:用動物比喻翻轉強弱。
- 原文例:柯利一開始
stepped over to Lennie like a terrier(㹴犬,好鬥的小狗);被抓住後flopping like a fish on a line(釣線上的魚)。雷尼則bleated(羊)。 - 效果:同一場打鬥,三種動物:獵犬、羊、魚——強弱在一瞬間對調。
- 仿寫:He walked in like a lion and left like a wet cat.